A perpetual motion machine (perpetuum mobile) is a hypothetical device that can do work indefinitely without an external energy source, or produce more energy than it consumes. Creating such a machine is physically impossible because the concept directly violates the fundamental laws of nature — specifically, the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Throughout history, these designs have been divided into two main categories. Machines of the first kind aim to generate work without any energy input, which directly violates the Law of Conservation of Energy; in a closed system, energy cannot be created out of nothing or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. Machines of the second kind attempt to completely convert ambient thermal energy (like the heat of the ocean) into useful mechanical work without any other changes. This is prohibited by the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which dictates that heat cannot spontaneously flow from a cooler body to a warmer one, and that some energy is always lost to entropy (such as friction or heat dispersal). For centuries, inventors have proposed various mechanisms — from medieval wheels with shifting weights or mercury to modern electromagnetic setups — but they all inevitably stop. Today, patent offices worldwide officially refuse to review applications for perpetual motion machines unless a working, independently verified prototype is provided. However, scientists sometimes use the term metaphorically: for instance, an electric current circulating in a superconducting loop can flow for billions of years without fading, and planets move through the vacuum of space indefinitely. Yet, these are not true engines because they do not perform external useful work or export energy. #experiment #facts #physicstok #theory
0.0% ERengagement of this clip — above the author's average (0.00%)
top 20%outperforms 80% of the author's clips
235%of the author's average views
