Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 [4 January 1643] – 20 March 1727) was an English physicist, mathematician, mechanician, and astronomer, one of the founders of classical physics and mathematical analysis. He authored the seminal work "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy," in which he expounded the laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation, which shaped the prevailing scientific viewpoint until the advent of general relativity. Newton used his mathematical description of gravity to rigorously derive Kepler's empirical laws of planetary motion, as well as to construct a scientific theory of the tides, the precession of the equinoxes, and other phenomena. Newton's work removed all doubts about the heliocentricity of the solar system and demonstrated that the motion of objects on Earth and celestial bodies could be explained by the same physical principles. Newton's conclusion that the Earth is an oblate spheroid was subsequently confirmed by the geodetic measurements of Maupertuis, La Condamine, and others, convincing most European scientists of the superiority of Newtonian mechanics over earlier systems. Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope and developed a theory of color based on the observation that a prism separates white light into the colors of the visible spectrum, thereby laying the foundations of modern physical optics. His work on light was collected in the book "Optics," published in 1704. In mathematics, Newton developed differential and integral calculus, a powerful computational method for finding the roots of functions, classified most cubic algebraic curves, advanced the theory of power series, and generalized the binomial theorem to non-integer exponents. In the last three decades of his life in London, serving as Warden (1696–1699) and then Master (1699–1727) of the Royal Mint, Newton significantly improved the English monetary system. He was elected President of the Royal Society (1703–1727). #animation #pyramids #sphinx #science #meme
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